By Greg Nowak , 9 July, 2021 Handling Multibyte Characters And Strings In R Project If you encounter this problem when reading csv-files, you might want to try to change the encoding from UTF-8 to latin1. This worked for me when using the tolower function in R. Pretty nice solution here with gsub (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38828620/how-to-remove-strange-char…): Tags Script rscript rstudio